A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective characteristics of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green city characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups and 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific

Background & Purpose: Career Success has been one of the most important concepts in human resource studies in recent years. In order to maintain their human resources and reduce the rate of staff burnout, organizations have to provide the necessary platforms for the development and progress of human resources, especially efficient and specialized forces. The purpose of this study to design a model to evaluate the Success of the government employees’ career. Methodology: This study is an applied research in terms of its purpose, and meta- synthesis approach was used to collect descriptive information based on qualitative methodology. For this purpose, the articles published in the field of career paths in the databases of international publications in the specified period were used. The articles were entered into the process of meta- synthesis analysis based on the principles of the meta- synthesis method and its criteria. Qualitative content analysis method was also used to analyze these articles. Findings: This research, based on meta-synthesis method and review of 71 selected articles, has presented a paradigm model in relation to career Success. The result of this study includes 53 sub-categories, 17 main categories, and four general categories (sustainable development of objective job positions; institutionalization of mental Success; integrated organizational policy in the career building and the measurement of the mentioned Success of career) that is presented in the form of a theoretical model. The findings showed this managerial orientation that the model of evaluating the Success of the career should be a step-by-step model, and its path should be done jointly from both perspectives of employees and managers. Also, the Success of the objective and subjective career path should be evaluated by the employees, and factors affecting the Success of the career path should be evaluated by managers. Conclusion: It can be claimed that in designing career path Success models, the internal and executive alignment with the organization's job realities and the demands of the forces must be taken into consideration. Governmental organizations should adopt an employee-centered approach in designing and developing employee oriented career plans.

Introduction: This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics, particularly those administered preoperatively and postoperatively, in enhancing the Success rates of dental implants. Additionally, it seeks to compare current opinions toward antibiotic usage in implant dentistry with documented outcomes of implant Success, both with and without antibiotic intervention.   Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, incorporating studies published between 2010 and January 2023. Search terms included “dental implant, ” “antibiotic, ” “prophylaxis, ” and “survey. ” Data analysis and graphical representations were generated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.   Results: The findings indicate that 81. 1% of surveyed dentists routinely prescribe antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing dental implant procedures, irrespective of health status. An additional 5. 8% of practitioners tailored their antibiotic prescriptions based on modifiable factors. The initial database search yielded 220 relevant articles from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, which were screened for alignment with the review objectives. Among antibiotics, penicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin were identified as the preferred first-line medications.   Conclusion: Cross-sectional surveys across various countries reveal a tendency among dentists to prescribe systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for dental implant surgeries without adhering strictly to evidence-based guidelines, often resulting in overprescription. This highlights a critical need for collaboration among dental educators and practitioners to align clinical practices with scientific evidence regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in implant dentistry.   Keywords: Antibiotics,Dental implant,Systematic review,Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Advantages of endodontic treatments over tooth extraction have increased the demands for these treatments. Success rate of these treatments is generally lower than the primary root canal therapies. Recently, single visit treatments have gained more popularity. But, the influence of completing retreatment in a single appointment on Success of the treatment is still a controversy. The aim of this study was evaluating the most common causes offailures and determining the Success rate of completing retreatments in single appointment.Materials and Methods: Hundred and twenty four patients who had single appointment retreatment within past 4 years in postgraduate ward of Shaheed Beheshti Dental School were selected and clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out. The data were analyzed by SPSS using Chi-square and Exact Fisher tests.Results: Success rate and uncertain cases were shown to be 50.7% and 34.2%, respectively and failure rate was 15.1 %. Presence of periradicular lesion or history Of swelling prior to retreatment had significant effect on the Success of single visit retreatrnents (p<0.001). Another important finding of the study was that the Success rate of retreatments was significantly higher in cases, referred for restorative purposes compared with retreatrnents for nonrestorative purposes (p<0.001).Conclusion: The overall Success rate of single appointment retreatments is up to 84.9% which is considerably higher in cases referred for restorative purposes. So based on the results of this study single appointment retreatment of symptom less teeth is recommended.

This paper examines the work of Immanuel Kant in the light of a new theory on the nature of truth, knowledge and falsehood (the Inversion Theory of Truth). Kant’s idea that knowledge could be absolutely certain, and that its truth must correspond with reality, is discredited by a dissection of the Correspondence Theory of Truth. This examination of the nature of truth, as well as knowledge and falsehood, is conducted with reference to Sir Karl Popper’s writings on regulative ideas, the criterion of demarcation and the principle of falsifiability. It is argued that if truth is to be regarded as certain, it should be used to describe objects and events in the objective (noumenal) state, and that subjective knowledge must contain (and is improved by) falsehood. Perceptions and knowledge are obtained by the biological and evolutionary process of Active Subjectivism. Ideas we have knowledge of can be metaphysical or scientific, according to Popper’s Criterion of Demarcation. Kant’s “Copernican revolution” claim that our intellect imposes absolutely true laws on nature could not allow for the possibility that ideas might be constructed from fallible perceptions, and hence that all knowledge is uncertain. Instead, he developed a Critique of Practical Reason in which religion, though not provable through logical reasoning, could be proved by our innate moral sense, giving us a Categorical Imperative that could lead to perverse results. By rejecting the absolute certainty of a priori knowledge, and admitting a degree of essential falsehood, we arrive at a more reasonable grounding for moral behavior.

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention is still a challenging problem. The aim of this study is to determine factors that affect PCI results. Method and Results: The study was conducted on 72 patients in two centers. CTO angioplasty was done by the antegrade approach from the femoral and/or radial approach.The role of age, gender, anatomical variations such as calcification, length of the lesion, proximal bending, retrograde filling and occluded coronary artery (LAD, CCK or RCA), and wires were assessed. The Success rate was 79.6%, and presence of calcification was an important factor in CTO PCI. Operator’s experience, use of appropriate equipment and calcification are important factors in predicting a Successful PCI.

Purpose: To evaluate the Success rate of strabismus surgery with both adjustable and non-adjustable suture technique, Moreover, compared the Success rate of these methods regardless of cause, type and amount of deviation and history of previous surgery.Methods: In this study 296 patients were included (from 2003 to 2011). Patients divided in two groups; strabismus surgery with adjustable and non-adjustable suture technique. Required information were extracted from medical records sheets and were analyzed.Results: Of the 296 patients studied, 115 (38.9%) underwent adjustable suture surgery and 181 patients (61.1%) also operated with non-adjustable suture method. Post-operative day Success (deviation less than 8 prism diopter) was 82.06% in adjustable suture technique and 65.19% in non-adjustable suture group, This is statistically significant. There was no significant relationship between a history of previous surgery and current surgery (P=0.052). Moreover, there was no statistically significant relationship between the type of surgical procedure and limitation horizontal movement (P=0.051).Conclusion: According to the result of previous studies and similar results have also been obtained in this study, it is suggested adjustable suture method is ideal for all types of strabismus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design and test the structural model of the effects of life experiences, personality traits and thinking styles on the Success of teachers with the mediation of job interests. Methodology: In order to achieve this goal, 234 teachers were selected using a cluster sampling method among high school teachers in Bojnourd city as the sample of this study. At first, their Success rate was assessed by managers and students through a researcher-made questionnaire. Then Sternberg-Wagner Stress Thinking Styles Questionnaire, Five Factor Questionnaire, Short Form Personality Traits, Job Awareness Questionnaire and Researcher-made Life-Exercise Questionnaire were completed by the teachers. At first, the descriptive characteristics of the data from the research sample were examined. In the next step, based on the path analysis method, the research model was extracted based on the relationships between the variables and finally, the fit of the extracted model with the experimental data was evaluated using the structural equation modeling method. Findings: The results indicated that the personality traits of psychosis, extroversion and direct consistency, and personality trait of conscientiousness indirectly through external job interests, have a significant effect on the prediction of teachers' professional Success. Also, Kurds of thinking styles, cognitive thinking, forms of thinking styles, group thinking, levels of thinking styles, holistic thinking, and the domains of thinking styles, external thinking, and the forms of thinking, thinking, and marital styles are also Both indirectly and indirectly through interpersonal and interpersonal interests, and the work of thinking styles, peer-to-peer, indirectly through external job interests, coefficients have a significant effect on the prediction of the professional Success of teachers. Conclusion: Successful teachers include content knowledge, teaching skills, classroom management, communication skills and motivation, creativity development, interaction power.

Background: Educational Success and determining the effects of personal and environmental factors on the construct is among the most important concerns of educational systems that guarantee the Success of the educational consulting procedure.Aim: This study was aimed at designing and evaluating a model for educational Success including personal and environmental factors, determining their importance and comparing them in terms of the student’s majors.Method: The design of the study was ex post-facto and the population of the study consisted of all of the students studying at high schools of Yazd. Using random cluster sampling method 550 students were selected. The sample were administered Major Choice Success Questionnaire, Myers- Briggs Type Indicator, Strong Interest Inventory and Multiple Intelligence Test. Data Analysis was done using structural equation modelling.Results: The results indicated that all five factors (interests, personality, intelligence, educational performance and environmental factors) had meaningful, direct impact on educational Success. Interest played the most important role and environmental factors were the least important component. Moreover, educational background, interest and multiple intelligence were the most important factors in empirical science and mathematics major.Conclusions: For counseling purposes the role of personal and environmental factors in each major should be considered.